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1.
J Forensic Odontostomatol ; 37(3): 27-33, 2019 12 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31894135

RESUMO

This retrospective study aims to test the third molar maturity index (I3M) cut-off value of 0.08 for 18 years old in Dominican Republic population. Orthopantomograms of 513 subjects (284 females and 229 males) were evaluated, intra- and inter-observer agreement, ICC (intra-class correlation coefficient) values were 0.88% (95 % CI 0.86% to 0.91%), and 0.93% (95% CI 0.90% to 0.96%), for the intra- and inter-observer reliability, respectively. Accuracy in females was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93-0.97); the sensitivity was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99) and specificity was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95). In males, the accuracy was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93-0.98); the sensitivity was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88-0.97) and specificity was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99). The PPV (Positive Predictive Value) was 0.93 for females and 0.99 for males. The results of this study show that I3M can be used for discriminating adults from minors in Dominican Republic subjects around the legal age of 18 years old.


Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes , Dente Serotino , Adolescente , Adulto , República Dominicana , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Kasmera ; 43(2): 98-111, dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-829136

RESUMO

El diagnóstico de fase en la esquistosomiasis es complejo. Se evaluó la respuesta IgM e IgGmurina contra productos de excreción-secreción de Schistosoma mansoni machos (PESGM), hembras (PESGH) y huevos (PESH), su relación con la histopatología y expresión de IL-10 y TNF-α, mediante ELISA, en suero de ratones Balb/c con 8 y 20 semanas de infección (RI8 y RI20) y Ratones sanos(RS). En RI8, se observaron granulomas constituidos por plasmocitos, macrófagos y neutrófilos, depósitos de colágeno alrededor de los granulomas y en la zona interna del huevo. En R20SI, se observaron fibroblastos alrededor del huevo y acúmulos de macrófagos y plasmocito, aumento de los depósitos de colágeno en áreas del granuloma. IgM sérica RI8, presentó un mayor porcentaje de positividad frente PESGH (35%), mientras que IgG el mayor porcentaje de positividad fue PESGH (60%) y PESH (30%). En R20SI, IgM fue 20% positiva frente PESH e IgG 10% frente PESGM, y 25% positiva con PESGH. No se observaron diferencias en IL-10 entre los RS y RI8. TNF-α en RS vs RI8 y RS vs RI20 fue diferente y estadísticamente significativo. Los PESGH podrían detectar fase aguda y PESH fase crónica. El empleo de varios antígenos sería de utilidad en el diagnóstico de fase.


The diagnosis of schistosomiasis phase is complex. The murine IgM and IgG response against excretory-secretory products of Schistosoma mansoni males (PESGM), females (PESGH) and eggs (PESH), its relation to histopathology and expression of IL-10 and TNF-α was assessed by ELISA in serum of Balb / c mice with 8 and 20 weeks of infection (RI8 and RI20) and healthy mice, RS. In RI8, were observed granulomas consisting of plasma cells, macrophages and neutrophils, deposits of collagen around the granulomas and internal area of the egg. In R20SI, fibroblasts around the egg and accumulation of macrophages and plasmocito, increased collagen deposits in areas of granuloma were observed.RI8 serum IgM had a higher percentage of positivity PESGH (35%), while the highest percentage of IgG positivity was PESGH (60%) and PESH (30%). In R20SI, was 20% IgM positive and IgG against PESH PESGM 10% against and 25% positive with PESGH. No differences in IL-10 between the RS and RI8 were observed. TNF-α in RS vs RI8 and RS vs RI20 was different and statistically significant. The PESGH could detect phase acute while PESH chronic phase. The use of several antigens would be useful in the diagnosis phase.

3.
Actas Urol Esp ; 33(4): 337-43, 2009 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19579882

RESUMO

Considering the currently increased incidence, prevalence and survival of prostate cancer, the management of hot flushes associated with LH-RH analog treatment must be taken into account. The most widely used and effective treatment is hormone replacement, though the latter is not without risks. It is presently possible to address hot flushes in these patients based on a broad range of treatment options in which hormone therapy may constitute a last option, due to the risk of tumor relapse or progression -- since prostate cancer is hormone sensitive. The present study reviews the currently used treatments and hygiene-dietary measures that may help reduce the symptoms. A review is made of both hormone and non-hormone therapies, based on the existing scientific evidence. Drugs such as the new antidepressants, gabapentin and clonidine may play an important role in the management of hot flushes. While the underlying mechanisms of action are varied, they are related to the complex feedback exerted by the sexual hormones upon the hypothalamic secretion of noradrenalin -- this being the principal etiological factor of hot flushes.


Assuntos
Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/análogos & derivados , Fogachos/etiologia , Fogachos/terapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Humanos , Masculino
4.
Actas urol. esp ; 33(6): 635-638, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-74237

RESUMO

El protagonismo creciente del carcinoma prostático en las sociedades desarrolladas hace que tenga que ser muy tenido en cuenta el balance beneficio-perjuicio de los tratamientos prestados. Dado el enfoque terapéutico cada vez más complejo del carcinoma prostático, hoy en día se requiere de una suma de conocimientos extensos. La deprivación androgénica juega un papel principal en esta patología. El tratamiento de la toxicidad derivada en forma de sofocos, síndrome metabólico, osteoporosis, trastornos cognitivos, etc., adquiere cada vez mayor interés. El tratamiento farmacológico de los sofocos pasa por un manejo hormonal no exento de riesgo oncológico a la par que de una toxicidad nada despreciable. Dentro del tratamiento no hormonal de esta patología juegan un papel destacado los antidepresivos. La trazodona, un antidepresivo SARI (inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina/antagonista de la 2A), con un perfil de actuación más selectivo sobre los receptores implicados en los sofocos; podría ser de gran interés. Trazodona muestra una gran afinidad por los receptores 5-HT2A y una moderada afinidad por los receptores 5-HT1A. Como es conocido los niveles de serotonina (5-hidroxitriptamina o 5-HT) en mujeres postmenopáusicas están disminuidos, normalizándose con las terapias sustitutivas. Todo ello sugiere que la de privación abrupta de hormonas sexuales da lugar a una reducción en la circulación de serotonina, con el consiguiente aumento de sus receptores 5-HT2A hipotalámicos. Estos receptores estarían implicados en la patogénesis de los sofocos siendo su bloqueo una de las principales medidas terapéuticas. El uso de trazodona elevando las concentraciones de serotonina y bloqueando a los receptores 5-HT2A y 5-HT1A podría plantearse como un nuevo enfoque más de acorde con la fisiopatología de los sofocos. Estudios comparativos bien dirigidos son necesarios para dar respuesta en cuanto a su efectividad. Otras cuestiones pendientes serían las dosis y el tiempo de tratamiento más eficaz para el control de los sofocos (AU)


The growing relevance of prostate carcinoma in the developed world requires serious attention to focus on the risk-benefit relationships of the treatments used. Given the increasingly complex therapeutic approach to prostate carcinoma, an extensive range of knowledge is required. Androgen deprivation plays a central role in this disease. The management of androgen deprivation-derived toxicity in the form of hot flashes, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, etc., is of growing interest. The drug treatment of hot flashes involves hormone management that is not without oncological risk and moreover generates considerable toxicity. Antidepressants in turn play an important role in the non-hormone treatment of this disorder. Trazodone, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor/5-HT2A receptor antagonist affording more selective action upon the receptors implicated in hot flashes, could be of great interest. Trazodone shows great affinity for the 5-HT2A receptors and moderate affinity for the 5-HT1A receptors. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) levels are known to be lowered in postmenopausal women, and normalize when replacement therapy is provided. This suggests that abrupt sexual hormone deprivation gives rise to a reduction in blood serotonin –with a subsequent increase in its hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptors. These receptors would be implicated in the physiopathology of hot flashes; as a result, the blocking of such receptors is one of the principal therapeutic measures. The use of trazodone, increasing the serotonin concentrations and blocking the 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, could be viewed as a novel management approach more in line with the physiopathology of hot flashes. Well designed comparative studies are needed to establish the efficacy of such treatment. Other issues pending clarification would be the most effective dose and duration of treatment for controlling hot flashes (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/complicações , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Fogachos/terapia , Androgênios/metabolismo , Trazodona/administração & dosagem , Hormônios/metabolismo , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Receptores 5-HT2 de Serotonina
5.
Actas urol. esp ; 33(4): 337-343, abr. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-60045

RESUMO

Dada la mayor incidencia, prevalencia y supervivencia del carcinoma prostático en la actualidad, el manejo de los sofocos derivados de su tratamiento con análogos LH-RH ha de ser muy tenido en cuenta. El tratamiento más utilizado y a la vez el más eficaz, es la sustitución hormonal pero este tipo de terapia no esta exenta de riesgos. Hoy por hoy es factible el abordaje de los sofocos de estos pacientes mediante un variado arsenal terapéutico en el cual el tratamiento hormonal puede quedar relegado al último lugar, dado el riesgo de recidiva o progresión tumora lal tratarse de un tumor hormonosensible. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los tratamientos utilizados actualmente y las medidas higiénico-dietéticas que pueden ayudar a disminuir la sintomatología. Se revisarán tanto los tratamientos hormonales como los no hormonales basados en su evidencia científica. Fármacos como los nuevos antidepresivos, la gabapentina y la clonidina podrían jugar un papel destacado en el manejo. Sus mecanismos de actuación aunque dispares, se enmarcan en el complejo sistema de retroalimentación ejercido por los niveles de hormonas sexuales sobre la secreción hipotalámica de noradrenalina, causa principal en la génesis de los sofocos (AU)


Considering the currently increased incidence, prevalence and survival of prostate cancer, the management of hot flushes associated with LH-RH analog treatment must be taken into account. The most widely used and effective treatment is hormone replacement, though the latter is not without risks. It is presently possible to address hot flushes in these patients based on a broad range of treatment options in which hormone therapy may constitute a last option, due to the risk of tumor relapse or progression – since prostate cancer is hormone sensitive. The present study reviews the currently used treatments and hygiene-dietary measures that may help reduce the symptoms. A review is made of both hormone and non-hormone therapies, based on the existing scientific evidence. Drugs such as the new antidepressants, gabapentin and clonidine may play an important role in the management of hot flushes. While the underlying mechanisms of action are varied, they are related to the complex feedback exerted by the sexual hormones upon the hypothalamic secretion of noradrenalin – this being the principal etiological factor of hot flushes (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Carcinoma/patologia , Rubor/terapia , /métodos , Clonidina/farmacologia , /farmacologia , Receptores de Serotonina , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Androgênios/farmacologia , Norepinefrina/farmacologia
6.
Actas urol. esp ; 33(3): 235-241, mar. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-62055

RESUMO

Los sofocos-sudores son problemas frecuentes durante el tratamiento con de privación androgénica en pacientes afectos de carcinoma prostático. Estos efectos secundarios contribuyen en gran medida al deterioro de la calidad de vida. Se han postulado diferentes hipótesis sobre los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos implicados, todos ellos de una alta complejidad debida básicamente a su multicausalidad. El objetivo de esta revisión es aportar una visión meditada y actualizada de su génesis. La retroalimentación negativa de las hormonas sexuales plasmáticas sobre la secreción hipotalámica de noradrenalina y serotonina serían la causa principal. Asimismo la acción directa de estos mecanismos sobre el centro hipotalámico productor de LH-RH cercano al centro termorregulador, junto al acortamiento del intervalo termo neutral también estarían implicados. La mejor comprensión de su mecanismo de producción nos puede hacer enfocar mas correctamente su tratamiento (AU)


Hot flushes and perspiration are common problems during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate carcinoma, and largely contribute to worsen patient quality of life. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the underlying physiopathological mechanisms, though all are very complex, basically because of the multiple causal factors involved. The present review offers a pondered and updated perspective of the origin of hot flushes-perspiration in such patients. Negative feedback of the plasma sexual hormones upon the hypothalamic secretion of noradrenalin and serotonin appears to be the main cause. Likewise, the direct action of such mechanisms upon the LH-RH producing hypothalamic centerlocated close to the thermoregulatory center, together with shortening of the thermo neutral interval, would also play a role. Improved understanding of the causal mechanism may help improve the treatment of such symptoms (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma/fisiopatologia , Suor , Fogachos/induzido quimicamente , Qualidade de Vida , Norepinefrina , Serotonina
7.
Oncología (Barc.) ; 29(4): 158-167, abr. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044861

RESUMO

Durante las últimas décadas el tratamiento adyuvante anti-hormonal de elección para las pacientespost-menopáusicas con diagnóstico de carcinoma de mama localizado y con receptores hormonalespositivos ha sido el tamoxifeno al disminuir de una forma significativa el riesgo de muerte por tumor.Más recientemente, una serie de estudios comparativos utilizando tres agentes inhibidores aromatásicosde tercera generación y diferentes esquemas de administración, bien tras la cirugía inicial del primarioo después de 2-3 años o 5 años de tamoxifeno, han demostrado una ventaja en la supervivencialibre de enfermedad con respecto al tamoxifeno. Los efectos adversos acompañantes describen perfilesde toxicidad distintos entre ambos tipos de tratamiento anti-hormonal, siendo más comunes y frecuenteslos fenómenos osteo-musculares y cardiovasculares en el grupo de pacientes tratadas con inhibidoresaromatásicos así como los tromboembólicos y patología endometrial en el grupo tratado contamoxifeno. La mejor estrategia para la administración, la forma de prevenir los efectos adversos y eltipo de pacientes que más se pueden beneficiar de los inhibidores aromatásicos, quedan por ser definidoscon mayor precisión


Over the recent decades, tamoxifen has been considered the standard adjuvant treatment of postmenopausalwomen with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer based on its capacity to reduce the annualbreast cancer death. More recently, several major randomized controlled trials carried out with threedifferent new aromatase inhibitors used either from the time of primary surgery or after 2-3 or 5years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy have shown a significant improvement in disease-free survivalwith respect to tamoxifen therapy. The described treatment-related side effects suggest different profilesof toxicity. Musculoskeletal disorders and cardiovascular events are the most serious side effectsassociated with the use of aromatase inhibitors, as well as the thromboembolic events and endometrialabnormalities are associated with tamoxifen therapy. An optimal treatment strategy for aromatase inhibitorsadministration, interventions to prevent or alleviate treatment-related side effects and identificationof women at higher risk having more benefit with aromatase inhibitors need to be addressed


Assuntos
Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Pós-Menopausa , Aromatase , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Tamoxifeno/farmacocinética , /epidemiologia
8.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses ; 8(2): 221-6, 1992 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1347226

RESUMO

The presence of the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) in Dominican blood donors and patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) was first detected in 1987. To define further the seroprevalence in the country, nearly 4,000 samples from high- and low-risk populations, as well as patients with neurological disease and with leukemia or lymphoma were tested for HTLV antibodies. A 1-2% seropositivity rate was found among the low-risk population, a 2-5% in the high-risk, and at least 87% in those with TSP. A few patients with malignancy also had antibodies to HTLV. An increase in seropositivity with age and a predominance of female seropositive individuals were found. Infectious virus was isolated from TSP patients, prostitutes, and family members of index patients. These data indicate the substantial level of HTLV infection in another Caribbean country and its relation to neurologic disease.


Assuntos
Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Deltaretrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/complicações , República Dominicana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoensaio , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/etiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
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